First Generation:-
(ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator
EDSAC – Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
EDVAC – Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
UNIVAC – Universal Automatic Computer IBM 701)
⦁ Vacuum tubes were used – basic arithmetic operations took few milliseconds
⦁ Bulky
⦁ Consume more power with limited performance
⦁ High cost
⦁ Uses assembly language – to prepare programs. These were translated into machine level.
⦁ language for execution.
⦁ Mercury delay line memories and Electrostatic memories were used
⦁ Fixed point arithmetic was used
⦁ 100 to 1000 fold increase in speed relative to the earlier mechanical and relay based electromechanical technology.
⦁ Punched cards and paper tape were invented tofeed programs and data and to get results.
⦁ Magnetic tape / magnetic drum were used as secondary memory.
⦁ Mainly used for scientific computations.
Second Generation:- (Manufacturers – IBM 7030, Digital Data Corporation’s PDP 1/5/8
Honeywell 400)
⦁ Transistors were used in place of vacuum tubes. (invented at AT&T Bell lab in 1947) .
⦁ Small in size
⦁ Lesser power consumption and better performance
⦁ Lower cost
⦁ Magnetic ferrite core memories were used as main memory which is a random-access nonvolatile memory.
⦁ Magnetic tapes and magnetic disks were used as secondary memory.
⦁ Hardware for floating point arithmetic operations was developed.
⦁ Index registers were introduced which increased flexibility of programming.
⦁ High level languages such as FORTRAN, COBOL etc were used - Compilers were developed to translate the high-level program into corresponding assembly language program which was then translated into machine language.
⦁ Separate input-output processors were developed that could operate inparallel with CPU.
⦁ Punched cards continued during this period also.
⦁ 1000 fold increase in speed.
⦁ Increasingly used in business,industry and commercial organizations for preparation of payroll, inventory control, marketing, production planning, research, scientific & engineering analysis and design etc.
EDSAC – Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
EDVAC – Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
UNIVAC – Universal Automatic Computer IBM 701)
⦁ Vacuum tubes were used – basic arithmetic operations took few milliseconds
⦁ Bulky
⦁ Consume more power with limited performance
⦁ High cost
⦁ Uses assembly language – to prepare programs. These were translated into machine level.
⦁ language for execution.
⦁ Mercury delay line memories and Electrostatic memories were used
⦁ Fixed point arithmetic was used
⦁ 100 to 1000 fold increase in speed relative to the earlier mechanical and relay based electromechanical technology.
⦁ Punched cards and paper tape were invented tofeed programs and data and to get results.
⦁ Magnetic tape / magnetic drum were used as secondary memory.
⦁ Mainly used for scientific computations.
Second Generation:- (Manufacturers – IBM 7030, Digital Data Corporation’s PDP 1/5/8
Honeywell 400)
⦁ Transistors were used in place of vacuum tubes. (invented at AT&T Bell lab in 1947) .
⦁ Small in size
⦁ Lesser power consumption and better performance
⦁ Lower cost
⦁ Magnetic ferrite core memories were used as main memory which is a random-access nonvolatile memory.
⦁ Magnetic tapes and magnetic disks were used as secondary memory.
⦁ Hardware for floating point arithmetic operations was developed.
⦁ Index registers were introduced which increased flexibility of programming.
⦁ High level languages such as FORTRAN, COBOL etc were used - Compilers were developed to translate the high-level program into corresponding assembly language program which was then translated into machine language.
⦁ Separate input-output processors were developed that could operate inparallel with CPU.
⦁ Punched cards continued during this period also.
⦁ 1000 fold increase in speed.
⦁ Increasingly used in business,industry and commercial organizations for preparation of payroll, inventory control, marketing, production planning, research, scientific & engineering analysis and design etc.
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